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Yes and in most patients who end up with chronic disease, it already has before they ever see someone like...

Gallstone pancreatitis happens when a small stone slips out of the gallbladder, travels down the common bile duct, and gets...

Alcohol has no universally safe threshold as most data points validate 4 to 5 drinks per day for 5 or...

Hereditary pancreatitis is a genetic condition where mutations in specific genes cause the pancreas to inflame repeatedly, usually starting in...

Groove pancreatitis is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis that affects the groove between the head of the pancreas, the...

Liver cirrhosis is a progressive condition in which healthy liver tissue is gradually replaced by scar tissue, reducing the organ’s...

Pancreatic duct blockage is treated endoscopically in most cases through ERCP, where stones are removed, strictures are stented, and enzyme...

A pancreatic duct stricture is a narrowing inside the main pancreatic duct that blocks digestive enzymes from reaching the small...

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is what you get when the pancreas can’t make enough enzymes to digest food. Lipase, protease, amylase,...

Pancreatic enzyme deficiency, or EPI, is what happens when the pancreas can’t produce enough lipase, protease, and amylase to digest...

Endoscopic ultrasound puts a high-frequency ultrasound probe on the tip of a flexible endoscope and images organs from inside the...

Pancreatic cancer risk factors include smoking, long-standing diabetes, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, family history, certain gene mutations like BRCA2 and PALB2,...

Pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect early because the pancreas is located deep in the abdomen, preventing small, early-stage tumours...

EUS is the most accurate single tool we have for diagnosing pancreatic cancer because the imaging probe sits within millimetres...

Pancreatic cancer staging uses the TNM system, looking at the tumour itself, whether nearby lymph nodes are involved, and whether...

Pancreatic cancer rarely announces itself early because the pancreas sits buried deep behind the stomach and produces almost nothing in...

Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C are the two biggest infectious causes of liver cancer worldwide, with each virus driving...

Liver cancer doesn’t strike randomly. It overwhelmingly develops in people who already have an underlying liver condition, with chronic hepatitis...

Liver cancer treatment in India has advanced significantly with options now ranging from surgical resection and liver transplant to minimally...

Endoscopic ultrasound or EUS diagnoses liver cancer by getting an ultrasound probe right up against the stomach wall millimetres from...

Early signs of liver cancer are often mild or absent, but key warning signs include unexplained weight loss, loss of...

Fatty liver and high cholesterol are tightly linked because both stem from the same metabolic dysfunction where the body mishandles...

Fatty liver is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests like liver function panels, abdominal imaging such as ultrasound,...

Fatty liver gets graded based on how much fat has accumulated inside the liver on ultrasound, with grade 1 being...

Yes, fatty liver can eventually cause liver failure but only in a minority of patients where the fat triggers ongoing...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD is excess fat buildup in the liver that happens in people who drink little...

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare form of chronic pancreatic inflammation where the body’s own immune system attacks the pancreas instead...

Most pancreatic pseudocysts that need draining are now handled endoscopically through EUS-guided procedures rather than open surgery, which means the...

A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms near the pancreas after an episode of pancreatitis or pancreatic injury,...

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden attack of pancreatic inflammation that comes on fast and usually resolves with treatment, while chronic...

Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation of the pancreas that comes on fast and can range from a mild episode that...

Gallstones are extremely common and almost always benign while gallbladder cancer is rare but aggressive, and the tricky part is...

Biliary stone extraction is the process of removing stones that have formed in or migrated into the bile ducts, usually...

Diet doesn’t cause inflammatory bowel disease but it absolutely affects how the disease behaves day to day. Certain foods can...

Yes, both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can go into remission without surgery when the right treatment starts early and...

Inflammatory bowel disease can’t be diagnosed on symptoms alone because bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weight loss show up in...

Both fall under inflammatory bowel disease but Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis are not the same condition despite getting lumped together...

Portal hypertension is elevated blood pressure (typically >10 mmHg) within the portal venous system, which carries blood from the digestive...

Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are distinct liver-damaging viruses differing primarily in prevention and treatment: HBV has a...

Cirrhosis is generally considered permanent, but not always irreversible. While advanced scarring (decompensated cirrhosis) is typically not reversible, early-stage cirrhosis...

Liver cirrhosis stages range from early scarring (compensated) to severe liver failure (decompensated). It progresses from mild inflammation to advanced...

Not all acid reflux feels like heartburn. Silent GERD, also called laryngopharyngeal reflux or LPR, causes symptoms that most people...

Most GERD patients manage fine on proton pump inhibitors and lifestyle changes. But there’s a point where pills stop being...

ARMA stands for Anti-Reflux Mucosal Ablation. It’s an endoscopic procedure for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who aren’t getting enough...

Most polyps found during colonoscopy are removed right there during the same procedure. The doctor uses a wire loop or...

Yes, a colonoscopy is a primary and highly effective tool for detecting and diagnosing Crohn’s disease. It allows doctors to...

For individuals at average risk, the recommended age for the first screening colonoscopy is 45. Updated guidelines from major health...

Colonoscopy provides a complete examination of the entire large intestine (colon and rectum), making it the gold standard for cancer...

Colonoscopy prep involves a strict, low-fiber diet 2–3 days prior, followed by a full clear liquid diet and strong prescription...

Pancreatic necrosis, or necrotizing pancreatitis, is increasingly treated without open surgery using a “step-up approach” involving minimally invasive techniques. Key...

Colon cancer screening in India is recommended for all adults starting at age 45, even without symptoms. People with a...

Gallbladder surgery, also known as cholecystectomy, is a widely performed procedure to treat gallstones, inflammation, and related digestive issues. It...

Achalasia is a rare oesophageal motility disorder where the lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax during swallowing and the oesophagus...

Yes, fatty liver and diabetes are directly linked through insulin resistance, the same metabolic dysfunction that drives fat accumulation in...

EUS celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN) is a minimally invasive procedure where alcohol is injected into the celiac plexus nerve cluster...

MASLD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease) is the new term replacing NAFLD (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), shifting focus from “not...

GI bleeding is often treated without surgery using endoscopic techniques such as clipping, heat cauterisation, or medication injection to seal...

Yes, chronic pancreatitis can often be managed without surgery through lifestyle changes, medications, and endoscopic procedures. The main goals are...

Digestive cancer treatment cost in Mumbai in 2026 starts at Rs 80,000 for early endoscopic Digestive cancer treatment costs in...

Yes, healthy habits can significantly help reduce the risk of digestive cancers, even in people with a genetic predisposition. Maintaining...

Pancreatic cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on the pancreas, most are benign and found incidentally on imaging, but some...

Endoscopy allows direct visual examination of the digestive tract lining and enables biopsy collection, making it ideal for diagnosing ulcers,...

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, acute or chronic, caused by gallstones, alcohol, or other triggers, treatable and often reversible....

Most people have dealt with that uncomfortable, heavy feeling after a big meal at some point. But what happens when...

Endoscopy is a key part of modern gastroenterology, allowing doctors to directly examine the digestive tract using a flexible camera....

Early detection of digestive cancer is critical because stage at diagnosis directly determines survival, treatment options, and quality of life....

Survival rates for digestive cancers in India vary significantly by cancer type and stage at diagnosis. Colorectal cancer caught at...

Tests used to detect pancreatic disease early include endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), CT scan, MRI with MRCP, blood tests including CA...

Cancer staging in digestive cancers uses the TNM system to classify how far cancer has spread: T for tumour depth...

Yes, smoking and alcohol significantly increase the risk of developing digestive cancers, acting independently and combining to magnify the danger....

Diabetes and pancreatic disease run in both directions. Pancreas produces insulin and damage it through chronic pancreatitis or a tumour...

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumour that develops in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ sitting deep behind the...

Digestive cancers in India: colorectal, stomach, oesophageal, liver, pancreatic, gallbladder, small intestine. Gallbladder cancer rates in northern and northeastern India...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-term condition that affects the digestive tract and can quietly progress if ignored in...

Pancreas problems, primarily pancreatitis (inflammation), are most commonly caused by gallstones blocking the duct and excessive alcohol consumption. Other major...

Early warning signs of digestive (gastrointestinal) cancer often show up as vague, persistent issues: unexplained weight loss, chronic indigestion, blood...

Pancreatic diseases in India range from acute pancreatitis triggered by gallstones or alcohol to chronic conditions like pancreatic cancer and...

The pancreas acts as a vital digestive organ by producing enzyme-rich alkaline pancreatic juice. This juice breaks down proteins, fats,...

Pancreatic cancer rarely announces itself clearly. By the time symptoms become obvious, most cases have already progressed beyond early stage....

Enteroscopy looks at the small intestine. That’s the part of the gut neither a standard endoscopy nor a colonoscopy can...

EUS-guided drainage is a non-surgical procedure that drains fluid collections pancreatic cysts, abscesses, blocked ducts using a needle guided by...

A lot of GI conditions that needed open surgery ten or fifteen years ago don’t need it anymore. The endoscope...

An endoscopy is a direct visual examination of the digestive tract using a thin, flexible tube with a camera at...

POEM Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy is used to treat achalasia and certain spastic esophageal conditions. No incisions on the body. No...

Gallbladder surgery, commonly known as cholecystectomy, is performed to remove the gallbladder due to conditions like gallstones, inflammation, or infection....

The stomach lining, also known as the mucosal lining, acts as a protective barrier that shields the stomach walls from...

ERCP  Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography is a procedure that accesses the bile duct and pancreatic duct from inside the digestive tract....

EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasound) puts an ultrasound probe inside the digestive tract, right next to the organ being examined. That proximity...

EUS Endoscopic Ultrasound combines a standard endoscope with an ultrasound probe at the tip. It goes into the digestive tract...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the harder cancers to catch early. The pancreas sits deep behind the stomach, symptoms show...

EUS-guided drainage works. The clinical data is consistent across centres that do it at volume. For pancreatic pseudocysts the technical...

Yes. Pediatric endoscopy is well established in India and covers a wider range of conditions than most parents expect. Upper...

Liver disease covers a wide range of fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, autoimmune conditions. Each one needs a different...

ERCP is one of the more technically demanding procedures in therapeutic endoscopy. The bile duct opening is small, the anatomy...

Most pancreatic cysts get found by accident  an ultrasound or CT done for something else picks one up and suddenly...

Yes. But here’s what nobody tells you when you’re searching that question. There are hundreds of gastroenterologists in Mumbai. Finding...

Therapeutic endoscopy goes beyond diagnosis. It removes tumours, drains collections, stops bleeding, opens blocked ducts, and cuts overactive muscles all...

Dr. Vipulroy Rathod. In 2010 he became the first Indian endoscopic surgeon to be awarded the Fellowship of the American...

Dr. Vipulroy Rathod. He started performing Endoscopic Ultrasound in 1998 before most centres in India had the equipment. Over 27...

Heartburn, or acid reflux, is a common issue that affects many people, often occurring after meals. It can make eating...