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Pancreatic diseases in India range from acute pancreatitis triggered by gallstones or alcohol to chronic conditions like pancreatic cancer and cysts that develop silently over months. Several of these conditions share overlapping symptoms, get misdiagnosed repeatedly, and reach a specialist only after significant damage has already occurred. According to Dr. Vipulroy Rathod, an experienced Gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai,“Pancreatic disease in India is diagnosed late more often than it should be, and that gap between first symptom and right diagnosis is where the real damage happens.” Common Pancreatic Diseases Seen in India Same conditions, different patients, same story. Across Indian hospitals the pattern repeats a handful of pancreatic diseases showing up again and again, each one getting missed longer than it should. Pancreatitis: Gallstones and alcohol are behind most cases in India, and while the mild ones settle down with fluids and rest, the severe ones don’t wait  necrosis, infected collections, organ stress, these move fast and need proper specialist care rather than general ward management. Chronic pancreatitis: What makes India different here is the high rate of tropical chronic pancreatitis, a variant that targets younger patients with no alcohol history at all, and progresses toward diabetes and severe malnutrition faster than the alcohol-related form seen in Western countries. Pancreatic cancer: Incidence is climbing, catch rate at a treatable stage is not, and the gap between those two things is where lives are lost  upper abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, new-onset diabetes after 50 all get explained away for months before anyone orders the right investigation. Cysts: Routine imaging is finding more of these than ever before, most are harmless, but the ones that aren’t need real EUS characterisation and a clear decision pathway rather than another CT in six months and a note saying monitor. These conditions don’t announce themselves clearly and that’s precisely the problem. Getting a proper assessment early keeps treatment options open that simply won’t exist after the disease has had another six months to progress. Why These Conditions Get Diagnosed Late in India It’s not just one reason. It’s several things working together, and understanding them helps explain why pancreatic cases so consistently arrive at specialists in a state that’s already difficult to reverse. Symptoms: Pain, bloating, back ache, weight dropping none of these point specifically at the pancreas, so patients cycle through GPs and get treated for gastritis, stress, IBS, dietary issues, anything but the actual problem, sometimes for over a year before the right referral happens. Imaging: Standard abdominal ultrasound is where most Indian patients start, and it simply doesn’t catch a significant chunk of pancreatic pathology small tumours, early ductal changes, subtle structural shifts things that would show up immediately on EUS from inside the stomach but don’t register on an external scan at all. Access: EUS isn’t widely available outside major cities, and that’s not a small problem a patient in a smaller city with early pancreatic cancer has almost no realistic path to the right diagnosis before the disease moves past the point where treatment can make a meaningful difference. Awareness: New-onset diabetes after 50 should always mean checking the pancreas, painless jaundice should always mean urgent investigation, and neither of those things happens consistently enough across the Indian healthcare system, which is where weeks of delay become months, and months change outcomes.  You can read how drainage outcomes shift significantly when the right specialist is involved from the beginning rather than after things have already escalated. Pancreatitis: When the pancreas inflames, digestive enzymes activate inside the gland before reaching the intestine, causing severe upper abdominal pain that frequently ends in emergency admission, and in serious cases tissue breakdown follows requiring intensive management. Scarring: Each episode of pancreatitis deposits scar tissue, and over years that accumulation reduces enzyme output while destroying insulin-producing cells, pushing patients toward malabsorption and diabetes developing together rather than as separate problems. Cancer: Tumours in the head of the pancreas press on both ducts simultaneously, so jaundice and digestive failure tend to appear together as the first obvious signs, by which point the disease has usually been progressing for quite a while already. Cysts: Fluid collections after pancreatitis can grow large enough to compress the stomach and duodenum, leaving patients feeling full after barely eating and losing weight without any clear explanation, a presentation that often takes months to properly investigate. And these don’t stay isolated. One problem pulls others in faster than patients expect. Read how pancreatic cancer gets missed before options start narrowing. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for Pancreatic Diseases in Mumbai Pancreatic disease sits at the intersection of gastroenterology, endoscopy, and hepatobiliary medicine, and managing it well requires a specialist with comprehensive expertise across this spectrum. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod, one of the leading Gastroenterologists in Mumbai, has been managing pancreatic conditions at Fortis Hospital Mulund for over 30 years, with more than 20,000 EUS procedures to his credit, and patients who arrive with months of vague symptoms despite normal CT reports regularly find that EUS in experienced hands detects what everything else missed. Start Your Treatment Journey Today Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions What is the most common pancreatic disease in India? Acute pancreatitis from gallstones and alcohol leads the numbers, but tropical chronic pancreatitis is far more common in India than in Western countries and it hits younger patients with no drinking history, which makes it easy to miss early. Is pancreatic cancer common in India? Less common than in the West, but rising, and the real problem isn’t the incidence  it’s that almost every case gets found too late for surgery, which is a diagnostic failure more than anything else. Can pancreatic diseases be treated without surgery? Many can, with acute pancreatitis managed medically, cysts and fluid collections handled through EUS without any incision, and chronic pancreatitis complications addressed endoscopically, though resectable pancreatic cancer and certain high-risk cysts still need surgical intervention. What test best diagnoses pancreatic disease in India? EUS gives the most accurate picture by far,

The pancreas acts as a vital digestive organ by producing enzyme-rich alkaline pancreatic juice. This juice breaks down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in the small intestine while neutralising stomach acid to facilitate proper digestion. It plays a central role in nutrient absorption by ensuring food is converted into components the body can actually use. According to Dr. Vipulroy, an experienced Gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai, “The pancreas is one of the most overlooked organs until something goes seriously wrong with it.” What the Pancreas Actually Does in Digestion Most people have no idea what the pancreas does until a scan finds something. It runs two completely separate systems at once, quietly, without any obvious sign it exists. Enzymes: Amylase, lipase, and protease get pushed into the small intestine with every meal, and when that supply drops even partially food passes through largely unprocessed, which is why weight loss and malabsorption show up quickly once enzyme output falls. Bicarbonate: The stomach sends highly acidic content into the duodenum after every meal, and bicarbonate fluid from the pancreas neutralises it before digestion can proceed, because without that step the enzymes that follow cannot function properly at all. Hormones: Insulin and glucagon both originate from specialised cells inside the pancreas, one lowering blood sugar after meals and the other raising it between them, which is why pancreatic damage so often leads to diabetes alongside digestive problems. Coordination: The pancreatic duct and common bile duct share one entry point into the small intestine, so a single stone or tumour at that junction disrupts both digestion and bile flow simultaneously, which is why head of pancreas problems so often cause jaundice and digestive failure together. Pancreatic problems rarely stay invisible for long once they start moving. Getting a proper evaluation while things are still manageable keeps far more options open than waiting until symptoms become obvious. What Happens When the Pancreas Fails The pancreas tends to fail quietly before it fails loudly. Symptoms come slowly, get attributed to other causes, and by the time something serious surfaces the condition has usually been building for months. Pancreatitis: When the pancreas inflames, digestive enzymes activate inside the gland before reaching the intestine, causing severe upper abdominal pain that frequently ends in emergency admission, and in serious cases tissue breakdown follows requiring intensive management. Scarring: Each episode of pancreatitis deposits scar tissue, and over years that accumulation reduces enzyme output while destroying insulin-producing cells, pushing patients toward malabsorption and diabetes developing together rather than as separate problems. Cancer: Tumours in the head of the pancreas press on both ducts simultaneously, so jaundice and digestive failure tend to appear together as the first obvious signs, by which point the disease has usually been progressing for quite a while already. Cysts: Fluid collections after pancreatitis can grow large enough to compress the stomach and duodenum, leaving patients feeling full after barely eating and losing weight without any clear explanation, a presentation that often takes months to properly investigate. And these don’t stay isolated. One problem pulls others in faster than patients expect. Read how pancreatic cancer gets missed before options start narrowing. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for Pancreatic Conditions in Mumbai Pancreatic disease sits at the intersection of gastroenterology, endoscopy, and hepatobiliary medicine, and managing it well requires a specialist with comprehensive expertise across this spectrum. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod, one of the leading Gastroenterologists in Mumbai, has been managing pancreatic conditions at Fortis Hospital Mulund for over 30 years, with more than 20,000 EUS procedures to his credit, and patients who arrive with months of vague symptoms despite normal CT reports regularly find that EUS in experienced hands detects what everything else missed. Start Your Treatment Journey Today Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions What does the pancreas do in simple terms? It makes the enzymes that break food down and the hormones that control blood sugar, so when it stops working both systems fail together rather than one at a time. Can you live without a pancreas? Yes, but enzyme supplements with every meal and insulin injections for life become permanent requirements because nothing else takes over those two functions after removal. What are the early signs of pancreatic problems? Upper abdominal pain going into the back, weight dropping without reason, greasy stools, and new-onset diabetes after 50 are the ones that should push someone toward proper investigation rather than a wait and see approach. When should I see a gastroenterologist for pancreatic symptoms? If more than one of those symptoms is present and nothing else explains them, a specialist opinion is overdue rather than optional, because the earlier these things get properly evaluated the more treatment options remain available. Reference links- Pancreatic Function and Digestive Physiology — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Pancreatic Disease Diagnosis and Management — American College of Gastroenterology

Pancreatic cancer rarely announces itself clearly. By the time symptoms become obvious, most cases have already progressed beyond early stage. That’s the clinical reality. But certain vague early warning signs, when evaluated properly through EUS by the right specialist, lead to early detection that completely changes treatment outcomes. The symptoms themselves don’t diagnose cancer. The investigation that follows them does. According to Dr. Vipulroy Rathod, “Pancreatic Cancer Treatment outcomes depend almost entirely on how early the diagnosis happens. When patients come with vague symptoms and normal CT scans, EUS is where the real answer gets found.” Early Symptoms That Should Trigger EUS Evaluation? These symptoms alone don’t confirm pancreatic cancer. But in combination, or when they persist without explanation, they’re exactly the kind of clinical picture that needs EUS investigation and not just another CT scan. Unexplained Weight Loss. Take It Seriously. Losing weight without trying and without a clear reason is one of the earliest flags for pancreatic disease. Most patients dismiss it. Most doctors attribute it to stress or diet. But unexplained weight loss alongside any upper abdominal discomfort needs proper investigation.  Not Just Gastritis. Dull persistent discomfort in the upper abdomen or back that doesn’t respond to standard gastritis treatment needs deeper investigation. As a Gastroenterologist in Mumbai with 25 years of focused EUS practice, Dr. Vipulroy Rathod regularly finds early pancreatic pathology in patients referred with months of unresolved upper abdominal symptoms that nobody else investigated properly. New Onset Diabetes. After 50. Developing diabetes suddenly after the age of 50 without obvious risk factors is a recognised early indicator of pancreatic disease. The pancreas produces insulin. When a tumour grows, it disrupts that function.  Jaundice. Early Detection Window. Yellowing of the skin or eyes means the bile duct is obstructed. When pancreatic cancer causes jaundice it means the tumour has grown toward the bile duct. That’s still potentially operable.  Persistent Nausea and Loss of Appetite. Not IBS. Patients dismissed with IBS or functional GI disorder for months sometimes have early pancreatic pathology that standard investigations never picked up.  Why EUS Finds What Other Scans Miss? CT scans and ultrasounds miss early pancreatic cancer regularly. That’s not a failure of those tools. It’s a limitation of imaging from outside the body for an organ sitting deep behind other structures. EUS removes that limitation entirely by imaging from inside your stomach wall. Lesions Under 2cm. Found by EUS. Tumours smaller than two centimetres are frequently invisible on CT. EUS picks them up because the probe sits millimetres from the pancreatic surface. That proximity gives image clarity nothing external can match for this specific organ honestly. Ductal Changes. Early Warning Signs. Subtle changes in the pancreatic duct diameter or wall that precede visible tumour formation get detected through EUS. These changes often precede a visible mass by months. Finding them early is where EUS genuinely changes clinical outcomes for patients. EUS Biopsy. Tissue Confirms Everything. When EUS finds something suspicious, fine needle aspiration gets tissue from the lesion immediately in the same session. Histological confirmation without surgery. Your oncologist gets a definitive answer faster than any other diagnostic pathway available in India. For more on how EUS diagnoses conditions that other investigations miss, read our previous blog on What is Enteroscopy and How is It Different From Colonoscopy. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for Early Pancreatic Cancer Detection? Dr. Vipulroy Rathod has spent over 25 years building a diagnostic accuracy in pancreatic EUS that directly changes patient outcomes. Patients arrive with vague symptoms, normal CT reports, and months of unanswered questions. They leave with real answers. Don’t wait for symptoms to become obvious before investigating properly. With pancreatic cancer, the early window is everything. Still getting normal results but something is clearly wrong? A specialist evaluation of the small bowel may be what’s missing. Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions Can EUS detect pancreatic cancer even when CT scan results are normal? Yes. EUS regularly finds small pancreatic lesions and ductal abnormalities that CT scans miss at early stages when tumours are still small. Which symptom combination should make someone request an EUS immediately? Unexplained weight loss combined with upper abdominal discomfort or new onset diabetes after 50 is a strong indication for EUS evaluation without delay. How long does EUS take for pancreatic cancer investigation? Around 30 to 45 minutes under sedation. Biopsy and staging happen in the same session so you leave with far more information than any external scan provides.   Is EUS surveillance recommended for people with family history of pancreatic cancer? Absolutely. High-risk individuals benefit significantly from regular EUS surveillance which catches precancerous changes and early lesions before symptoms develop. Reference links- Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection — American College of Gastroenterology EUS in Pancreatic Malignancy Diagnosis — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Early Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms and Diagnosis — National Library of Medicine Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance Guidelines — World Gastroenterology Organisation

Enteroscopy looks at the small intestine. That’s the part of the gut neither a standard endoscopy nor a colonoscopy can actually reach. Different scope, different purpose, and the patients who need it are usually the ones who’ve already had everything else done and still don’t have answers. According to Dr. VipulRoy, “Double Balloon Endoscopy lets us reach and treat problems in the small bowel that would otherwise go undiagnosed for years. Most patients who need it have already had normal colonoscopy and endoscopy results. That’s exactly when enteroscopy becomes the next step.” What Enteroscopy Actually Is? Most of the small bowel is invisible to standard scopes — Upper endoscopy gets through roughly the first 30 centimetres from the mouth. Colonoscopy comes in from the other end and covers the large intestine. The remaining 6 to 7 metres of small bowel sits between them, untouched by either. Enteroscopy gets in there using a balloon system — A double balloon or single balloon scope uses an overtube and alternating balloon inflation to fold the small intestine back onto itself. The scope edges forward bit by bit. It’s slow, deliberate work — nothing like a routine endoscopy. Treatment happens in the same sitting — Whatever the doctor finds, whether it’s a bleeding vessel, a polyp, or a stricture, it gets dealt with then and there. Biopsy, cauterisation, dilation — all possible without booking a second procedure. It takes time and preparation — Longer than any standard scope. More sedation. More setup. But for patients who’ve been bounced between normal results for months or years, it’s often the only investigation that actually finds something. As a gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai, Dr. Rathod does this at Fortis Hospital Mulund for exactly those cases. How It Differs From Colonoscopy? Colonoscopy is for the large bowel — Colon, rectum, and the very last bit of small bowel called the terminal ileum. That’s its territory. Good for colorectal cancer screening, polyps, IBD. Most people over 50 have had one. It has nothing to do with the small intestine proper. Enteroscopy is for what colonoscopy can’t reach — The jejunum and ileum. The long middle stretch of digestive tract that, before enteroscopy existed, surgeons had to open the abdomen to examine. Nobody did it unless they absolutely had to. They get ordered for completely different reasons — Persistent unexplained GI bleeding after normal upper and lower scopes. Crohn’s suspected in the small bowel. A mass or narrowing picked up on imaging but not reachable by standard endoscopy. Malabsorption that celiac testing didn’t explain. None of these are colonoscopy cases. Ordering the wrong one wastes months — Patients sometimes wait for a colonoscopy when what they actually need is an enteroscopy. The results come back normal, nothing changes, and the actual problem keeps going undiagnosed. You can explore our previous blog What Is EUS-Guided Drainage and When Is It Recommended? to understand how specialised GI procedures fill diagnostic gaps that routine investigations leave behind. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for Enteroscopy in Mumbai? Most GI centres don’t have the equipment for double balloon enteroscopy. The ones that do don’t all have someone who’s been doing it long enough to handle difficult anatomy or unexpected findings mid-procedure. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod has been at Fortis Hospital Mulund for over 30 years doing exactly this kind of advanced diagnostic work. The patients who end up here are often the ones carrying a thick file of inconclusive reports. Sometimes enteroscopy is the first investigation that actually shows something. That happens more often than it should which is why getting the right specialist matters. Still getting normal results but something is clearly wrong? A specialist evaluation of the small bowel may be what’s missing. Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions Is enteroscopy painful? Done under sedation so there’s no pain during the procedure. Some abdominal discomfort and bloating after is normal and resolves within a day. How long does enteroscopy take?  Typically 60 to 90 minutes depending on how far into the small bowel the doctor needs to go. Recovery adds another couple of hours before discharge. Can enteroscopy treat as well as diagnose? Yes. Bleeding sources can be cauterised, polyps removed, and strictures dilated during the same procedure. It’s not just diagnostic. Who needs enteroscopy instead of colonoscopy? Anyone with unexplained GI bleeding, suspected small bowel Crohn’s, or small bowel tumours where upper and lower endoscopy came back normal. Colonoscopy simply doesn’t reach far enough for these cases. Reference links- Enteroscopy and Small Bowel Endoscopy — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Small Intestine Disorders and Diagnosis — American College of Gastroenterology Double Balloon Enteroscopy Clinical Data — National Library of Medicine Small Bowel Endoscopy Standards — World Gastroenterology Organisation

EUS-guided drainage is a non-surgical procedure that drains fluid collections pancreatic cysts, abscesses, blocked ducts using a needle guided by real-time ultrasound from inside the gut. No incisions. No surgical entry point. The endoscope does it all. According to Dr. VipulRoy, “Endoscopic Ultrasound guided drainage changed how we handle pancreatic complications. What used to mean surgery or waiting weeks now gets sorted in a single session. Patients recover faster and the risk is far lower.” How EUS-Guided Drainage Works? Endoscope goes in through the mouth — A flexible scope with an ultrasound probe at the tip is guided down into the stomach. It sits right against the gut wall, directly next to the fluid collection on the other side. Doctor sees everything before touching it — The ultrasound shows the cyst or abscess in real time. Size, location, what’s inside. Nothing gets punctured until the image is clear. Needle drains the collection directly — Guided by that live image, a needle passes through the gut wall into the fluid. It drains out in the same session. As a gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai, Dr. Rathod has been performing EUS procedures since 1998, among the first in South Asia to use it clinically. Stent placed if needed — In some cases a small stent goes in to keep the drainage pathway open while the collection fully resolves over the following weeks. No wound, no stitches — Nothing is cut from outside. Most patients leave within 48 hours and recover in days, not weeks. When Is It Actually Recommended? Pancreatic pseudocysts after pancreatitis — Small ones sometimes resolve on their own. Larger ones causing pain, blocking the stomach, or showing infection need drainage. EUS handles it directly without surgery. Walled-off pancreatic necrosis — Dead pancreatic tissue enclosed in a fluid cavity. Used to mean open surgery every time. At specialist centres now, EUS-guided necrosectomy is the standard and outcomes are significantly better. Blocked bile duct when ERCP fails — If conventional ERCP can’t reach the bile duct, EUS creates an alternative route through the stomach wall instead. No surgical incision needed. Deep abscesses difficult to reach from outside — For collections that percutaneous drainage can’t access accurately, EUS sometimes gets there more reliably from inside the gut. You can explore our previous blog Advanced GI Procedures Without Open Surgery in India to understand where EUS-guided drainage fits within the broader picture of minimally invasive GI treatment. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for EUS-Guided Drainage in Mumbai? EUS-guided drainage is not something most gastroenterologists do. It needs both advanced endoscopy skills and real familiarity with pancreatic and biliary complications together. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod has been doing this at Fortis Hospital Mulund since 1998. Patients arrive with complex collections after incomplete management elsewhere. Three decades of this specific work changes what’s possible on difficult cases. Dealing with a pancreatic cyst or abscess? Talk to a specialist before it gets complicated. Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions Is EUS-guided drainage painful? No. It’s done under sedation or general anesthesia. Most patients feel nothing during the procedure and say recovery was easier than they expected. How long does recovery take?  Most patients go home within 48 hours. Normal activity resumes within a few days. There’s no surgical wound to heal from. Can EUS-guided drainage replace surgery for pancreatic cysts? For most pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis, yes. Surgery is rarely needed now when an experienced endoscopist handles it at the right time. What happens if a stent is placed during the procedure? It keeps the drainage pathway open while the collection resolves. A follow-up endoscopy removes it once imaging confirms healing. Straightforward procedure done under light sedation. Reference links- EUS-Guided Drainage Clinical Overview — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Pancreatic Cyst and Pseudocyst Management — American College of Gastroenterology EUS-Guided Biliary and Pancreatic Drainage — National Library of Medicine Interventional EUS Standards — World Gastroenterology Organisation

A lot of GI conditions that needed open surgery ten or fifteen years ago don’t need it anymore. The endoscope goes in through the mouth or a small access point, reaches the problem, and handles it often in a single sitting. No large wound. Hospital stay measured in hours, not weeks. According to Dr. VipulRoy, “In the last two decades, Advanced Endoscopic Procedures for Complex GI Conditions have replaced open surgery for a large number of patients. The outcomes hold up. But most patients don’t know these options exist until someone tells them.” What Procedures Are Now Done Without Open Surgery? More than most people realise. Here is what’s actually available at a proper therapeutic endoscopy centre. Endoscopic Ultrasound with drainage — Pancreatic cysts, abscesses, fluid collections after pancreatitis. All of these used to sit for weeks before a surgeon would touch them. Endoscopic Ultrasound guided drainage handles it far earlier with a needle placed under real-time imaging. Nothing cut from outside the body. ERCP for bile duct problems — Stones stuck in the bile duct, ducts narrowed by scarring or tumour, bile leaks after gallbladder removal. ERCP reaches all of it from inside the gut. Stones come out. Stents go in. As a gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai, Dr. Rathod has been doing this for over 30 years — including cases referred after failed attempts elsewhere. POEM for achalasia — The overactive muscle blocking the esophagus gets cut through a tunnel built inside the esophageal wall itself. Patients eat normally within a week. No scar. Most don’t miss more than two days of work. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection — Early tumours and large polyps in the stomach, esophagus, or colon removed by cutting under the mucosal layer. What used to mean bowel resection surgery now means an overnight stay in most cases. Third Space Endoscopy — The broader category that includes POEM and ESD. Working inside the GI wall layers, not just on the surface. Technically demanding. Only a handful of centres in India do it at any real volume. Who Actually Needs These and When? These aren’t for every GI complaint. But for the right conditions, nothing else comes close. Blocked bile ducts — Jaundice with fever and right-sided abdominal pain usually means a stone in the bile duct. That combination moves fast toward sepsis if left alone. ERCP clears it without a surgical incision and most patients feel dramatically better within 24 hours. Pancreatic collections after pancreatitis — Fluid that builds up after a bad episode of pancreatitis used to wait for surgery. EUS-guided drainage gets to it sooner and with far less trauma for someone who is already unwell. Achalasia after dilation stops working — Balloon dilation and Botox injections buy time. When they stop holding, POEM is where most of these patients end up. Surgery is rarely needed anymore for this condition. Early GI cancers found on surveillance — Caught before they’ve spread, tumours in the esophagus and stomach can be removed entirely through the endoscope. You can explore our previous blog What Happens During an Endoscopy Step by Step? to understand how these findings are first picked up during a routine examination. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for Advanced GI Procedures in Mumbai? Most hospitals in India offer basic endoscopy. Third-space procedures, EUS-guided drainage, complex ERCP that’s a much shorter list. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod was among the first in South Asia to use EUS clinically, starting in the late 1990s when most centres here hadn’t heard of it. Three decades later he is still doing it at Fortis Hospital Mulund, including cases that came in after incomplete procedures at other centres. If you have been told surgery is your only option for a GI condition, that assessment is worth a second look. Have a GI condition you were told needs surgery? Get a second opinion from a specialist first. Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions Are endoscopic GI procedures safe without surgery? Yes. Complication rates are low when performed by an experienced endoscopist with high procedure volume. Most patients are discharged within 24 to 48 hours with minimal post-procedure discomfort. How long is recovery after advanced endoscopic GI procedures? Most patients go home within 24 to 48 hours. A few days of restricted activity at home is typical. Open surgery for the same conditions usually means 5 to 10 days in hospital and several weeks before full recovery. Are these procedures available across India or only in Mumbai? Advanced procedures like POEM, ESD, and EUS-guided drainage are available only at select centres with specialist training. Mumbai has one of the highest concentrations of experienced therapeutic endoscopists in India. Can endoscopic procedures replace surgery for GI cancers? For early-stage GI cancers detected before any spread, endoscopic resection through ESD can be curative. Advanced or metastatic cancers still require surgery or combined treatment depending on the specific case and staging. Reference links- Advanced Endoscopic Procedures Overview — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Minimally Invasive GI Treatment Guidelines — American College of Gastroenterology Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and POEM Data — National Library of Medicine Global Standards in Therapeutic Endoscopy — World Gastroenterology Organisation

An endoscopy is a direct visual examination of the digestive tract using a thin, flexible tube with a camera at the tip. No surgical cuts. No general anesthesia in most cases. The procedure gives the doctor a real-time view of what’s happening inside your esophagus, stomach, or intestine that no external scan can match. According to Dr. VipulRoy, “Endoscopy is often the only way to see what’s actually happening inside. Scans tell you something is there. Endoscopy tells you exactly what it is and sometimes lets us treat it in the same sitting.” He explains that Endoscopic Treatment for GERD and Complex GI Conditions allows diagnosis and treatment to happen in a single procedure, which is what makes it so valuable for patients who have been dealing with unresolved GI symptoms for a long time. What Happens Before and During the Procedure? Most patients are more anxious about endoscopy than they need to be. The procedure itself is well-tolerated. Here is exactly what happens from the moment you arrive. Fasting beforehand is mandatory — You will be asked to avoid food and water for at least 6 to 8 hours before the procedure. This clears the stomach so the doctor gets a clean, unobstructed view of the lining. Anything left inside reduces visibility and increases risk. A sedative or throat spray is given — For upper endoscopy, a local anesthetic throat spray numbs the gag reflex. Light sedation is offered in most cases. You remain conscious but relaxed. Most patients remember very little of the procedure itself. The endoscope is passed through the mouth — A thin flexible tube roughly the diameter of a finger is guided down the throat. It passes through the esophagus into the stomach and then the first part of the small intestine if needed. As a gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai, Dr. Rathod performs this with precision to minimize discomfort at every stage. The doctor examines the lining in real time — High-definition images from the camera at the tip appear on a monitor. The doctor looks for inflammation, ulcers, polyps, bleeding sources, or abnormal tissue. Everything is documented as the scope moves through. Biopsies or treatment happen during the same procedure — If something needs to be sampled or removed, it happens right then. Polyps get taken out. Tissue samples get collected. Bleeding gets controlled. No second procedure needed in most cases. What Happens After the Procedure? Recovery from endoscopy is quick. But knowing what to expect helps. You rest for 20 to 30 minutes after the procedure — The sedation wears off during this time. Nursing staff monitor your vitals. You will feel drowsy but the discomfort is minimal for most patients. Mild bloating or throat soreness is normal — Air is used during the procedure to open up the GI tract for better visibility. Some of that passes out afterward causing temporary bloating. Throat soreness from the scope usually resolves within 24 hours. Results are discussed before you leave — In most cases the doctor reviews findings with you the same day. If biopsies were taken, those results typically come back within a few days. You can explore our previous blog What Is POEM Procedure and Who Performs It in Mumbai? to understand how endoscopic procedures extend beyond diagnosis into advanced therapeutic interventions. You cannot drive yourself home — Sedation affects coordination and judgment for several hours after. Arrange for someone to take you home. Most patients return to normal activity the following day without any restrictions. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for Endoscopy in Mumbai? Endoscopy is only as good as the person performing it. Lesions get missed. Biopsies get taken from the wrong site. Therapeutic interventions get skipped when they shouldn’t be. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod has performed over 30 years of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy at Fortis Hospital Mulund, including complex cases referred after incomplete procedures elsewhere. If you need an endoscopy done properly the first time, that experience is what makes the difference. Start Your Treatment Journey Today Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions Is endoscopy painful? Most patients feel no pain during the procedure. Throat discomfort and mild bloating afterward are common but resolve within 24 hours. How long does an endoscopy take? The procedure itself takes 15 to 30 minutes. With preparation and recovery time, plan for around 2 hours at the facility. Can endoscopy detect cancer? Yes. Endoscopy can identify suspicious tissue and collect biopsies for lab analysis. Early detection through endoscopy significantly improves treatment outcomes. Do I need someone to accompany me for an endoscopy? Yes. Sedation affects your ability to drive and make decisions for several hours after the procedure. Arrange for an adult to take you home. Reference links- Endoscopy Overview and Indications — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Upper GI Endoscopy Guidelines — American College of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Procedure and Safety — National Library of Medicine Digestive Endoscopy Standards — World Gastroenterology Organisation

POEM Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy is used to treat achalasia and certain spastic esophageal conditions. No incisions on the body. No surgical entry points. The entire procedure goes through the mouth with a flexible endoscope. According to Dr. VipulRoy, “POEM works by cutting the muscle that’s preventing food from reaching the stomach. There’s no wound to recover from. Patients who are good candidates see real, lasting improvement.” For patients with achalasia or swallowing problems that haven’t responded to other treatments, Advanced Endoscopic Procedures for Complex GI Conditions explains how these cases are handled without surgery. What Actually Happens During a POEM Procedure? People hear “through the mouth” and think it’s straightforward. It’s not. POEM is a third-space endoscopic procedure. The work happens inside the wall of the esophagus, not just on its surface. A small cut is made in the inner esophageal lining — The endoscope goes in through the mouth. That cut opens access to a space between the layers of the esophageal wall. Nothing on the outside of the body is involved at any point. A tunnel is created down toward the stomach — Through that internal space, the doctor works toward the lower esophageal sphincter. That’s the muscle that refuses to relax in achalasia. It’s what’s been stopping food from getting through. The muscle gets cut under direct view — The myotomy happens here. Muscle fibers are divided carefully, with the endoscope showing exactly what’s being cut. For a deeper understanding of this level of endoscopic work, visit Third Space Endoscopy in Mumbai to see how these procedures are approached as a gastroenterology specialist in Mumbai. The entry point is clipped shut — After the myotomy, the tunnel opening is closed with endoscopic clips. No stitches. No external wound. Most patients leave the hospital within 48 hours. When Is POEM the Right Call? Not every swallowing issue ends up here. But for some conditions, there’s genuinely nothing that works as well. Achalasia cardia — This is what POEM was built for. The sphincter at the bottom of the esophagus stops relaxing. Food piles up. Patients often say it feels like something is stuck in the chest after every meal. POEM fixes the actual problem, not just the symptoms. Type II achalasia — Responds particularly well. Studies consistently put success above 90% at two years. Surgery was the standard before POEM existed. For most patients with this subtype, it’s no longer necessary. Spastic esophageal disorders — Diffuse esophageal spasm and similar conditions cause chest pain that gets mistaken for cardiac problems. POEM goes after the muscle dysfunction directly rather than working around it. When earlier treatments have failed — Balloon dilation or Botox that worked for a while and then didn’t. POEM is where a lot of these cases end up. You can explore our previous blog What Is ERCP and When Is It Recommended? to understand how similar biliary and GI procedures are evaluated and recommended. Why Choose Dr. Vipulroy Rathod for POEM in Mumbai? POEM sits at the more demanding end of therapeutic endoscopy. Not many gastroenterology doctors in Mumbai do it regularly, and fewer still have three decades of third-space endoscopic work behind them. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod has managed cases that came in after failed procedures elsewhere or after patients were told open surgery was their only remaining option. That isn’t always true. But figuring out whether it applies to your specific case requires an honest evaluation from someone who actually knows the procedure from the inside. Start Your Treatment Journey Today Book Appointment Call now Frequently Asked Questions Is POEM better than surgery for achalasia? For most patients, yes. No external cuts, faster recovery, and outcomes that hold up well compared to Heller myotomy over time. How long does the POEM procedure take? Around 60 to 90 minutes under general anesthesia. Most patients are home within 48 hours and eating normally within a week. Can POEM still be done after balloon dilation? Yes. A previous dilation doesn’t rule it out. POEM is still a viable option even when earlier treatments have stopped working. What risks come with POEM? Mucosal tears, gas-related discomfort, and acid reflux afterward are the ones that come up most. An endoscopist in Mumbai who performs this regularly keeps those risks low. Reference links- POEM Procedure and Achalasia Management — American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Achalasia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines — American College of Gastroenterology Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy Clinical Data — National Library of Medicine Esophageal Motility Disorders — World Gastroenterology Organisation

Gallbladder surgery, commonly known as cholecystectomy, is performed to remove the gallbladder due to conditions like gallstones, inflammation, or infection. This procedure is generally safe and effective, helping relieve symptoms caused by gallbladder dysfunction. However, in some cases, complications can arise following the surgery, particularly involving the bile ducts. To address these issues, a stent after gallbladder surgery may be necessary. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod, a globally recognized gastroenterologist in Mumbai, India, explains: “A stent helps ensure proper bile flow from the liver to the small intestine, preventing obstructions or leaks that can occur post-surgery. A well-placed stent can significantly improve recovery, reduce the risk of infection, and help prevent bile duct complications after gallbladder removal.” Dr. Rathod specializes in advanced gastrointestinal procedures, including gallbladder stent surgery. His expertise ensures that the procedure is performed with precision and minimal discomfort, promoting optimal recovery. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod’s approach to post-surgery care focuses on reducing risks and providing tailored solutions to help patients recover quickly and without complications. First, let’s explore how a stent works and its role following gallbladder surgery. What Is a Stent and Why Is It Used After Gallbladder Surgery? A stent is a small, flexible tube placed into a duct or vessel to help keep it open. After gallbladder removal, a cholecystectomy stent may be used if there’s a risk of bile duct obstruction or narrowing. The bile duct, which carries bile from the liver to the small intestine, may become blocked or constricted due to surgery or other complications. A stent helps maintain an open passage, ensuring bile continues to flow properly and preventing further issues such as jaundice or infections. Now, let’s discuss the situations in which a stent becomes essential after gallbladder surgery. When Is a Stent Needed After Gallbladder Surgery? A stent is typically needed if there are complications such as: Bile duct obstruction Caused by scar tissue or injury during the surgery. Bile leakage If bile leaks from the duct into surrounding tissues, a stent can help redirect bile flow. Strictures Narrowing of the bile duct that may occur after surgery. Infection Bile duct infections can lead to blockages that require stent placement for proper drainage. Dr. Vipulroy Rathod emphasizes that a stent is an effective solution for managing these complications and improving healing. If you’re experiencing any of these issues after gallbladder surgery, a stent may be necessary. Speak to a specialist for expert guidance. Book Appointment Call now How do you know when a stent might be required after gallbladder surgery? Let’s discuss the signs to look out for. Symptoms Indicating the Need for a Stent Post-Surgery Symptoms that may indicate the need for a stent after gallbladder removal include: Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice): A sign of bile flow disruption. Severe abdominal pain: Often in the upper right quadrant, which can indicate bile duct issues. Nausea and vomiting: Persistent nausea after surgery may signal a bile duct blockage. Fever: Associated with infection or bile duct obstruction. If these symptoms occur, Dr. Rathod recommends early intervention to prevent complications and ensure a smooth recovery. What is the process for placing a stent after gallbladder removal? Let’s break down the procedure. How Is a Stent Placed After Gallbladder Removal? 1. Preparation The patient is usually under anesthesia or sedation so as to comfort him or her throughout the process. 2. Endoscopic Procedure The stent can be installed endoscopically, with the help of ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography), which is a procedure that implies inserting an endoscope through the mouth. 3. Accessing the Bile Duct The endoscope will be inserted into the digestive tract to the bile duct where the stent will be placed. 4. Stent Insertion A thin, flexible tube (the stent) is then carefully placed in the bile duct in order to keep the passage open so that bile can flow through. 5. Placement Verification The position of the stent is checked using imaging techniques like X-ray or fluoroscopy to ensure it’s properly placed. 6. Post-Procedure Monitoring After placement, the patient is monitored for any signs of discomfort, infection, or complications. This minimally invasive approach helps prevent further complications and ensures bile continues to flow properly after gallbladder removal. What should you do after the stent is placed to ensure proper care? Let’s explore the essential steps for maintaining the stent after surgery. Post-Surgery Care and Maintenance of a Stent Following the placement of a stent, there are certain aftercare guidelines that one has to adhere to: Periodic examinations To check the position of a stent and there are no blockages. Watch for infection Watch for any signs of infection, e.g. fever or abnormal pain. Light lifting Do not engage in hard work until your doctor clears you. Hydration and diet Drink as much as possible of fluids and eat a healthy diet to aid in the healing process. Dr. Rathod stresses that post-care must be consistent to avoid complications such as displacement of stents or infection. Can you avoid the need for a stent after gallbladder surgery? Here’s how preventive measures can help. How to Prevent the Need for a Stent After Gallbladder Surgery Although certain factors such as scarring are unavoidable, the risk of the necessity of stenting could be minimized by: Early removal of gallstones Before surgery, it will avoid complications such as inflammation or infection. Choosing an experienced surgeon Lowers the risks of bile duct injury during surgery. Post-surgery follow-up The early identification of issues with the bile duct can avoid the necessity of a stent. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle Reducing factors that contribute to bile duct issues, such as obesity or excessive alcohol consumption. Dr. Rathod emphasizes the importance of proactive healthcare and regular follow-ups for better long-term outcomes. Conclusion The placement of a stent after gallbladder surgery can be a crucial step in ensuring proper bile flow and preventing complications such as infection or obstruction. While it is often necessary to address post-surgery issues, proper care and early intervention can help manage the risks

The stomach lining, also known as the mucosal lining, acts as a protective barrier that shields the stomach walls from strong digestive acids and enzymes. This lining produces mucus and other protective substances that prevent irritation while supporting proper digestion. However, as this protective layer thins, the stomach becomes more vulnerable to inflammation, ulcers, and digestive discomfort. This condition, commonly referred to as thinning of the stomach lining, can develop due to infections, long-term medication use, autoimmune conditions, or chronic inflammation. According to Dr. Vipulroy Rathod, an internationally acclaimed gastroenterologist in Mumbai, India, “The stomach’s mucosal lining plays a critical role in digestive health. When it weakens or thins, early diagnosis and proper care become essential to prevent complications.” He further adds that maintaining stomach health through timely treatment can significantly improve long-term digestive wellbeing. With over three decades of experience in diagnosing and managing complex gastrointestinal conditions, Dr. Vipulroy Rathod is an expert in advanced endoscopic techniques and the management of digestive diseases. He has helped thousands of patients regain digestive health through precise diagnosis and personalized treatment plans. His experience in evaluating and managing thinning of the stomach lining allows patients to receive expert care, accurate assessments, and effective treatment strategies tailored to their condition. What factors can weaken the stomach’s protective barrier? Let’s explore the common causes behind thinning of the stomach lining. What Causes Thinning of the Stomach Lining? Several medical and lifestyle factors can contribute to damage or thinning of the stomach lining. Understanding these causes helps identify the condition early and prevent further damage. Common causes include: Helicobacter pylori infection A bacterial infection that causes chronic inflammation and gradually damages the stomach’s mucosal lining. Autoimmune gastritis A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks cells of the stomach lining. Long-term use of medications Frequent use of painkiller medication including NSAIDs can irritate and weaken the stomach lining over time. Chronic inflammation Persistent irritation in stomach can slowly reduce the protective thickness of the mucosal lining. Alcohol abuse Alcohol can damage the stomach lining and increase inflammation. Aging Natural aging can sometimes contribute to the gradual thinning of stomach tissues. Nutritional deficiencies Deficiency of vitamin B12 or other nutrients may have an impact on stomach health. Concerned about your digestive health? Connect with a specialist to better understand your stomach condition and explore the right treatment approach. Book Appointment Call now Could your digestive symptoms be linked to stomach lining damage? Let’s discuss the signs that may indicate thinning of the stomach lining. Symptoms of Thinning Stomach Lining Symptoms can develop over time and vary from mild pain to more apparent digestive issues. Common symptoms include: Persistent stomach pain or discomfort Burning sensation in the upper abdomen Bloating or frequent indigestion Loss of appetite Nausea or vomiting Fatigue or weakness due to nutrient deficiencies. Unexplained weight loss in some cases. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency such as fatigue or nerve problems. These symptoms can be similar to other gastrointestinal conditions and hence proper assessment should be carried out for correct diagnosis. Now, let’s discover the diagnostic methods used to evaluate this condition. How is Thinning of the Stomach Lining Diagnosed? Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy The stomach is visually analyzed with the help of a flexible camera and abnormalities are identified. Read More Biopsy during endoscopy To evaluate inflammation or thinning of mucosal lining, a small tissue sample can be taken. Read More Blood tests A blood test is done to test vitamin deficiencies, infections or autoimmune markers. Read More H. pylori testing Breath, stool or biopsy tests are used to identify bacterial infections. Read More Imaging tests In certain instances, imaging can be suggested to assess digestive health. Read More Early diagnosis plays a vital role in preventing further damage to the stomach lining and improving treatment outcomes. How can the thinning of the stomach lining be treated effectively? Let’s explore the treatment approaches that help restore stomach health. Treatment Options for Thinning of the Stomach Lining Treatment aims at addressing the underlying cause, protecting stomach lining and improving digestion. The most common treatment methods are: Acid-Reducing Medications A physician can prescribe proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid and protect weakened stomach wall from further harm. H. pylori Infection Treatment In case of bacterial infection like the Helicobacter pylori, the combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing drugs is used to eliminate the infection. Nutritional Supplements and Vitamin Deficiencies may occur in patients whose stomach lining is too thin especially of vitamin B12, iron or folate. Supplements aid in the restoration of nutrient levels and general digestive wellbeing. Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Medications Certain medications help coat and protect the stomach lining, reducing inflammation and allowing the mucosal lining to heal. Dietary Modifications Irritation can be reduced by a stomach-friendly diet that avoids spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, and processed foods. Lifestyle Changes Reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, stress management and proper weight can contribute a great deal to stomach health. Regular Monitoring and Follow-Up In some instances, endoscopic or medical assessment after every few months can be recommended to check the status of the stomach lining and to ascertain that it is healing well. Early treatment and proper management play an important role in protecting the stomach lining and preventing complications.Looking for effective treatment options? Speaking with a specialist can help identify the best approach for your condition. Book Appointment Call now Can the thinning of the stomach lining be prevented from worsening? Let’s explore simple yet effective preventive steps. How to Prevent Further Damage to the Stomach Lining Preventive measures focus on protecting the stomach lining and maintaining a healthy digestive system. Preventive measures can be helpful and these are: Eating a healthy and balanced diet rich in vitamins and nutrients Limiting alcohol intake to reduce stomach irritation Avoiding unnecessary use of painkillers that harm the mucosal lining Managing stress, which can worsen digestive issues Regular medical check-ups for individuals with persistent digestive symptoms Treating infections early, especially H. pylori Protecting the stomach’s mucosal lining helps reduce the risk of complications